Strange bedfellows? Keyword and conceptual search unite to make sense of relevant ESI in electronic discovery

In the brief history of electronic discovery, the latter part of the twentieth century witnessed the demise of paper by a digital hero that emancipated the content of paper documents with OCR and TIFF. This technology added a third dimension to the realm of 2D paper document review and production that lead to a sea change in discovery methods. By many accounts what we have before us is a three-stage evolution from paper to digital to clustering in order to overcome the problems of volume and complexity of ESI. The intent of this position paper is to describe the development of the digital hero and methodology that is emancipating the content and context of ESI – conceptual search that spans file formats, languages and technique, and includes keyword search on a common, shared index

Novel Beings and Assisted Nonexistence

This article engages with the legal regulation of end-of-existence decisionmaking for novel beings, specifically assisted nonexistence for such entities. The author explains the concept of a legal model for assisted death by reference to the substantive features of legal regimes in three jurisdictions in which assisted suicide or euthanasia is lawful. He considers how these models might fit novel beings who may require or prefer assistance to end their own existence by reference to the constituent features—abstract legal ingredients—that models for assisted death share. The author argues that extant models may block some novel beings’ access to end-of-existence assistance or fail to track what matters to them. He then examines the merits of adopting a universal model for assisted nonexistence, that is, a legal framework whose substantive features capture the end-of-existence concerns of both human and novel beings. Consideration of a unified legal framework may illuminate the discussion of assisted nonexistence for humans and novel beings. However, the paper proposes that whereas novel beings may have similar interests to humans, they may be relevantly different also. The prima facie case for adopting a one regime to rule us all approach to assisted nonexistence may be defeated by reasons for divergent regulation

Apparatus for measuring thermal conductivity Patent

Development of apparatus for measuring thermal conductivit

Loss of quantum coherence due to non-stationary glass fluctuations

Low-temperature dynamics of insulating glasses is dominated by a macroscopic concentration of tunneling two-level systems (TTLS). The distribution of the switching/relaxation rates of TTLS is exponentially broad, which results in non-equilibrium state of the glass at arbitrarily long time-scales. Due to the electric dipolar nature, the switching TTLS generate fluctuating electromagnetic fields. We study the effect of the non-thermal slow fluctuators on the dephasing of a solid state qubit. We find that at low enough temperatures, non-stationary contribution can dominate the stationary (thermal) one, and discuss how this effect can be minimized.Comment: 4 page

Making It Up As They Go Along: The Role of Law in Securities Arbitration

What is the current role of the law in securities arbitration? Given the difficulties investors would encounter in pleading and proving their claims in court, they may well be better off in a system where less attention is paid to the law and more to the equities of the actual dispute before the arbitration panel. While this is not a system where accountability and predictability of results can be achieved, investors may, in fact, fare better than they might expect. It follows then that if equitable considerations enhance rather than subtract from investors\u27 chances of recovery, then investors need not worry about the consequences of the arbitrators\u27 failure to apply the law

Effect of Hypoxia on the Oxygen Uptake Response to an Exhaustive Severe Intensity Run

It has been shown that highly aerobically trained individuals are unable to achieve maximal oxygen uptake (O2 max) during exhaustive running lasting ~2 min despite sufficient time for the response (Draper and Wood, 2005). However, hypoxia offers the opportunity to study the O2 response to an exhaustive run relative to a reduced O2 max. The purpose of the current study was to explore whether there is a difference in the percentage of O2 max attained (during a 2 minute exhaustive run) in normoxia and hypoxia. Fourteen trained middle-distance runners (mean ± SD; age 21.4 ± 3.4 y, height 1.76 ± 0.05 m, mass 66.0 ± 7.0 kg, O2 max 67.0 ± 5.2 ml.kg-1.min-1) volunteered for this study. Participants completed exhaustive treadmill ramp tests and square-wave tests (lasting 2 minutes), in normoxia and hypoxia (FiO2 0.13). Oxygen uptake was determined on a breath-by-breath basis throughout each test. The O2 data (excluding the first 15s) from the square-wave tests were modelled using a mono-exponential function. Repeated measures ANOVA (condition x test) was used to investigate the differences in O2 peak and post-hoc related samples t-tests for each condition were performed to explore a significant interaction. There was a significant interaction effect for O2 peak (P < 0.001). Post hoc tests revealed that the O2 peak achieved during the square-wave test was lower than the ramp test in normoxia (P < 0.001) but not in hypoxia (P = 0.49). The mean ± SD percentage of the ramp O2 peak achieved was; 86 ±0.06 vs. 102 ± 0.08%, for normoxia and hypoxia respectively. The phase II time constant was different between conditions (P = 0.029) demonstrating a slower oxygen uptake response to exercise in hypoxia (mean ± SD; 12.7 ± 2.8 vs. 10.4 ± 2.6 seconds, for hypoxia and normoxia respectively). The findings of the current study support the findings of Draper and Wood (2005) that suitably trained individuals do not achieve maximal oxygen uptake in running of this intensity. However, the present study has demonstrated that when maximal oxygen uptake is reduced through hypoxia it may then be achieved

Economic Suicide: The Collision of Ethics and Risk in Securities Law

The first part of this article looks at whether there are any legal principles derived from regulation or the case law to support an “economic suicide” claim. The second part of the article reviews arbitrators\u27 awards to determine whether arbitrators do, in fact, decide favorably on economic suicide claims. The article also looks at some arbitrators\u27 awards that appear to recognize an economic suicide claim to identify any factors that may lead arbitrators to award damages to the claimant. Finally, in the third part, we address whether policy considerations support an extension of recognized brokers\u27 duties to include a duty to prevent the customer from economic suicide

Impurity-induced dephasing of Andreev states

A study is presented concerning the influence of flicker noise in the junction transparency on coherent transport in Andreev states. The amount of dephasing is estimated for a microwave-activated quantum interferometer. Possibilities of experimentally investigating the coupling between a superconducting quantum point contact and its electromagnetic environment are discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

Integrity bases for local invariants of composite quantum systems

Unitary group branchings appropriate to the calculation of local invariants of density matrices of composite quantum systems are formulated using the method of $S$-function plethysms. From this, the generating function for the number of invariants at each degree in the density matrix can be computed. For the case of two two-level systems the generating function is $F(q) = 1 + q + 4q^{2} + 6 q^{3} + 16 q^{4} + 23 q^{5} + 52 q^{6} + 77 q^{7} + 150 q^{8} + 224 q^{9} + 396 q^{10} + 583 q^{11}+ O(q^{12})$. Factorisation of such series leads in principle to the identification of an integrity basis of algebraically independent invariants. This note replaces Appendix B of our paper\cite{us} J Phys {\bf A33} (2000) 1895-1914 (\texttt{quant-ph/0001076}) which is incorrect.Comment: Latex, 4 pages, correcting Appendix B of quant-ph/0001076 Error in $F(q)$ corrected and conclusions modified accordingl